Crack sealing materials are designed to adhere to the wall of the crack, stretch with the movement of the crack over the range of conditions and loads associated with the crack location, and resist abrasion and damage caused by traffic. For sealing working cracks, the preferred sealant is usually elastomeric. This means the sealant has a low modulus of elasticity and will stretch easily and to high elongations (usually around 10 times its non strained dimensions) without fracture. Such sealants also recover over time to close to their original dimensions.
The material of crack sealing are usually applied at elevated temperatures due to their high viscosity at ambient temperatures and they set or cure by cooling and reforming into complex structures. This is called thermoplastic. Thermoset is sometimes used to describe these materials, however this is incorrect. A thermoset is a material that undergoes a chemical cross-linking when heated. These materials cure either by exposure to moisture in the air or by mixing a hardening agent with the base silicone. These materials often have poor abrasion resistance and should not be used in trafficked areas. Other materials such as epoxies and polyurethanes are almost always cured by addition of a second chemical.
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